Working through an affair is tough. It takes tremendous energy and vulnerability on both sides. Drs. John and Julie Gottman have developed the Trust Revival Method, with three defined stages of treatment: Atonement, Attunement, and Attachment. The effectiveness of this model is being studied in a randomized clinical trial.
I’ve watched hundreds of couples try this method, and I’ve learned a few practical things about effective treatment along the way. To provide clarity, let’s use names: Julie and Ryan are married, and Julie had an affair with Dean.
Seek couples’ therapy, not just individual counselling
Trust is an obvious issue and is vital to regain. But if both partners are committed to reconciling the marriage, or at least to try, then seeing a couple’s therapist together is most helpful. Individual therapy doesn’t help regain this trust and may only make healing more complicated. Enough secrets have been kept. Even if Julie is talking about the love she had for Dean, it’s important that Ryan regain his role as confidante, and it’s even more important that Julie be completely transparent about what happened.
Often, people who engage in an affair will balk at the idea of sharing with their spouse their struggles with letting go of their lover. The most important point? To move ahead, Ryan needs to actively hear and believe that Julie is choosing him and their marriage.
Realize that the “truth” rarely comes out all at once
This is a tough one. Those who have had an affair, whether they’ve been caught or whether they’ve come forward, rarely tell the whole story initially. In this case, Julie will either feel guilty and extremely protective of Ryan, not wanting to hurt him anymore, or she’ll be protective of Dean. Or both.
The latter reason may likely infuriate Ryan. But it’s part of the process. The “story” usually emerges slowly, even though Ryan might want the truth and all of the truth right away. Julie may not be able to do that. Remember, she’s now committed to the marriage, and more than likely fears Ryan’s reaction — that “too much too soon” may blow up in her face.
When this occurs, it’s very easy for the hurt partner to view this as more intentional deceit, which many betrayed people say is just as difficult to work through than any sexual or emotional indiscretion. The therapist needs to guide the couple carefully through the betrayer’s tangle of self-protection or protection of a lover and the defensiveness and shame that comes with it, as well as the betrayer’s desperately wanting and deserving “the absolute truth” and the sadness, rage, and fear that accompanies it.
All of this lies in the Atonement phase — a working through of anger, fear, guilt, and shame. It’s a tightrope that must be walked very carefully, and with as much openness as possible.
The problems in the relationship did not cause the affair but are important to change
Julie is totally responsible for going outside the marriage to get her needs met. That is clear. But affairs happen in contexts. And that context is Julie and marriage.
Ryan and Julie will want to create a fresh, enlivened relationship where both can recommit and leave behind the relationship that was not working. The task is to learn new skills and new ways of communicating so both can feel better about their marriage. They’re not going back — they’re going forward. They’re starting marriage #2.
If Julie is adamant about blaming the marriage and only the marriage, that’s not a good sign. In Gottman terms, she’d be stuck in the barn with the Four Horseman Of The Apocalypse and not moving forward. The same would be evident if Ryan insisted that the marriage had been great with absolutely nothing amiss or broken. Both would be locked in defensiveness and contempt.
Give structure to communication about the affair
And, in all seriousness, this process can’t happen quickly enough for the betrayer nor slow enough for the betrayed.
Julie’s job is evident. She must cut ties with Dean. She needs to provide whatever information Ryan needs to help him heal. Most people seem to want a lot of information, often coming in with pages of questions.
If Julie is reticent to proactively offer openness to what used to be more private choices (cell phone or social media account passwords, for example), that may be a signal that the hurtful impact of the affair is still not understood, or the betrayer has not fully taken responsibility. At that point, work directed at the betrayer, to try to understand their balking — whether it’s an issue still with the affair, or is it some other individual trait, such as a struggle with control — is vital for the therapeutic process to go forward.
It is best if the couple can wait and only talk about the affair in the therapist’s office. But some people just can’t wait, so we would suggest that they limit, perhaps even by strictly scheduling, the time that they talk about it. Each would need to agree that they will refrain from using the four horsemen during those conversations. This structure helps prevent emotional explosions or from the affair gaining any more power than it already has, while also honouring the need for healing.
People in Ryan’s role can sometimes get lost in the details, wanting to know everything about the affair. For example, asking if Julie loved Dean, or why she was attracted to him, may be important details for Ryan to know. But Drs. John and Julie Gottman would suggest that he, and others like him, need to be careful, again recalling
Realize the need for trust travels in both directions
The last thing that Julie wants to realize is that 10 or 15 years down the road, Ryan says, “You know, I never really forgave you for that affair. I want a divorce.” Or he might never say those words, and simply act it out passive-aggressively.
That is very sad. Couples have come to me years after doing therapy for an affair. There has been no true stage of reconciliation that Drs. John and Julie Gottman would call “Attachment.” The unforgiving spouse remains bitter but may try to hide it. The unforgiven feels a loneliness that he or she doesn’t understand; it may be that everything “looks” fine, but underneath there is still distrust, blame, or anger.
Ryan should take on the responsibility of giving reassurance to Julie that trust is building. He can say things sincerely, such as, “I wanted to text and ask you to take a picture of where you were at 10:00 last night when you were out of town, but I realized I didn’t need to. I’m past that.”
The process of healing from an affair takes time. Like all grief, it comes in waves. One day, it will seem like it happened a long time ago. The next? Either Julie or Ryan can get triggered, and emotions will feel once again very raw.
Learning new skills of communicating about conflict, rebuilding trust, rekindling physical and sexual connection, giving time and attention to how the problems have affected the children or other family members — all of that can happen with time and energy.
There are many variations to the above. Such are the complications of being human.
The good news? It can be accomplished, and the commitment can be richer than ever. Not because of the affair, but because of the work is done to make marriage #2 better than marriage #1 ever was.
Written by Dr.Margaret Rutherfords in December 2017
